One of the most common and most widely used deep foundation is pile. It is generally much more expensive than the shallow foundation and feasible only when a firm stratum is so deep that it can not be reached economically by shallow foundation.
Lateral capacity of vertical single piles shall be the least of the values calculated on the basis of soil failure, structural capacity of pile and deflection of pile head.
Deflection calculations required horizontal subgrade modulus of surrounding soil. When considering lateral load on piles, the effect of other coexistent loads, including axial load on the pile, shall be taken into consideration for checking structural capacity of the shaft.
Lateral capacity of vertical single piles shall be the least of the values calculated on the basis of soil failure, structural capacity of pile and deflection of pile head.
Deflection calculations required horizontal subgrade modulus of surrounding soil. When considering lateral load on piles, the effect of other coexistent loads, including axial load on the pile, shall be taken into consideration for checking structural capacity of the shaft.
For
estimating depth of fixity, established method of analysis shall be
used, or lateral load test to at least twice the proposed design
working load shall be made. The resulting allowable load shall not be
more than one-half of the test load which produces a gross lateral
movement of 25 mm at the ground surface.
All piles standing unbraced in air, water or soils not capable of providing lateral support shall be designed as columns in accordance with the provision of ACI code.
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