Foundation, Concrete and Earthquake Engineering

Solution of Foundation, concrete, earthquake related queries are published here.

How is Critical Section for Calculating Moment for Foundation Determined?

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According to ACI 318 15.4 at any section external moment is calculated by assuming a plane that passes through the footing vertically and ...
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How are Steel Fibers Used in Concrete?

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Unreinforced concrete is a brittle material. It has low impact resistance and low tensile strength. The transverse and longitudinal reinf...
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How is Earthquake Loading Determined by Equivalent Lateral Force Method?

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In the previous post we discuss earthquake loading and seismic design principles as well. In this post we will try to get an overall idea ...

How is Concrete Blockage Occurred During Concrete Pumping?

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In concrete pumping concrete blockage is the main problem. When it is observed that concrete does not comes out at the end section of pipe...
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How does Earthquake Frequency Influence Seismic design?

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To design a seismic resistant structure , it is required to predict the earthquake loading . Two approaches are utilized to determine eart...

What is Earthquake Loading?

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Earthquake loading comprises the forces from inertia of mass of structure. These forces are generated due to shaking of foundation of a...
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What is the difference between setting time of cement and concrete?

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In laboratory setting time of cement is determined by standard Vicat apparatus . The initial setting time as well final setting time of...

How can Concrete be Made Pumpable?

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Are you astonished? Why should concrete be pumped? Now-a-days ready mix concrete is an essential part of concreting process. This plant o...
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What are Steel Formworks? How are They Used for Large Concrete Works?

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Concreting works need form works to place concrete in required shape without leaking valuable water and cement to have excellent finishi...

How can Concrete be Made more Impermeable?

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A concrete mass consists of well graded aggregate having compacted well and of which segregation , bleeding and any sources of air void...
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How can Hand Mixing of Concrete be Performed?

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It is very interesting to know that a set of bad ingredient cannot produce a good concrete but a set of good ingredient cannot ensure a go...
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Why should Concrete be Remixed after Discharging from Mixer?

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Concrete mixing machines are used for both reinforced concrete and mass concrete with some advantages like efficiency and sometimes econo...

How can Bleeding of Concrete be Reduced?

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Bleeding is nothing but a segregation of concrete where some quantity of water is reached to surface creating some channels towards surfac...
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How can Maintenance of Concrete Mixing Machine be Done?

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Mixing of concrete is very important as a through and proper mixing produce a uniform concrete of homogeneous mass. It is desired to prod...
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Black Cotton Soils and Their Swelling Pressure

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In India black cotton soil s are found in the regions of Western Madhya Pradesh, Deccan plateau , Andhra Pradesh, some portion of Gujarat,...

How can Water Table of Foundation Soil be Lowered?

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There have many difficulties in foundation construction where water table is above the bottom level of foundation . To provide stability ...

Foundation Settlement Due to Vibration

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Generally vibration occurs in foundation when pile driving and blasting operation are done. This may be a part of construction operation...

Erection Safety of Pile Rig

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We all are concern with piling operation, investigating damaged pile , pile cap design and casting and other operation followed by them....

How can bearing capacity of shallow foundation be determined from permissible settlement?

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This post concerned with plate bearing test . At first we have to know what plate bearing test. By this field test ultimate bearing capaci...
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Piles in Tension in Pile Group

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Generally the number of pile is determined by the axial load divided by capacity of each pile considering both end bearing and skin frict...
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